Dear Students, In order for you to see what is a pre-image attack against a cryptosystem, I would like to ask you to watch one of the movies about the cryptosystem "Enigma". There are "Enigma" (2001), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enigma_%282001_film%29 "Codebreaker" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codebreaker_%28film%29 "The Imitation Game", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Imitation_Game If you have watched any of these in recent years, then you can disregard this.